Effect of electroacupuncture on lung dysplasia in rats with intrauterine growth restriction induced by maternal food restriction / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the protective effect of electroacupuncture (EA) at "Zusanli" (ST 36) in pregnant rats on lung dysplasia of newborn rats with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) induced by maternal food restriction.@*METHODS@#Twenty-four female SD rats were randomly divided into a control group, a control+EA group, a model group and a model+EA group, 6 rats in each group. From the 10th day into pregnancy to the time of delivery, the rats in the model group and the model+EA group were given with 50% dietary restriction to prepare IUGR model. From the 10th day into pregnancy to the time of delivery, the rats in the control+EA group and the model+EA group were treated with EA at bilateral "Zusanli" (ST 36), once a day. The body weight of offspring rats was measured at birth, and the body weight and lung weight of offspring rats were measured on the 21st day after birth. The lung function was measured by small animal lung function detection system; the lung tissue morphology was observed by HE staining; the content of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ (PPARγ) in lung tissue was detected by ELISA.@*RESULTS@#Compared with the control group, the body weight at birth as well as the body weight, lung weight, lung dynamic compliance (Cdyn) and PPARγ at 21 days after birth in the model group were significantly decreased (@*CONCLUSION@#EA at "Zusanli" (ST 36) may protect the lung function and lung histomorphology changes by regulating the level of PPARγ of lung in IUGR rats induced by maternal food restriction.

Corrigendum to "miR-375 Inhibits the Proliferation and Invasion of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Cells by Suppressing PDK1".

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1155/2020/9704245.].

Refinement of the Peroxidase Peptide Reactivity Assay and Prediction Model for Assessing Skin Sensitization Potential.

A peptide reactivity assay with an activation component was developed for use in screening chemicals for skin sensitization potential. A horseradish peroxidase-hydrogen peroxide (HRP/P) oxidation system was incorporated into the assay for characterizing reactivity of hapten and pre-/prohapten sensitizers. The assay, named the Peroxidase Peptide Reactivity Assay (PPRA) had a predictive accuracy of 83% (relative to the local lymph node assay) with the original protocol and prediction model. However, apparent false positives attributed to cysteine depletion at relatively high chemical concentrations and, for some chemicals expected to react with the -NH2 group of lysine, little to no depletion of the lysine peptide were observed. To improve the PPRA, cysteine peptide reactions with and without HRP/P were modified by increasing the number of test concentrations and refining their range. In addition, removal of DL-dithiothreitol from the reaction without HRP/P increased cysteine depletion and improved detection of reactive aldehydes and thiazolines without compromising the assay's ability to detect prohaptens. Modification of the lysine reaction mixture by changing the buffer from 0.1 M ammonium acetate buffer (pH 10.2) to 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) and increasing the level of organic solvent from 1% to 25% resulted in increased lysine depletion for known lysine reactive chemicals. Refinement of the prediction model improved the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for hazard identification. These changes resulted in significant improvement of the PPRA making it is a reliable method for predicting the skin sensitization potential of all chemicals, including pre-/prohaptens and directly reactive haptens.

miR-375 Inhibits the Proliferation and Invasion of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Cells by Suppressing PDK1.

PURPOSE: In patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), the expression of PDK1 is remarkably improved in NPC tissue and correlated with the clinicopathological severity of NPC. We expressed miR-375 in NPC cells to study the effects on PDK1 gene expression. We also investigated the mechanism by which miR-375 affects the biological behavior of NPC cells through effects on PDK1. METHODS: qRT-PCR was carried out to analyze miR-375 and PDK1 levels in NPC cells. NPC cells were transfected with miR-375 inhibitor or miR-375 mimic. CCK-8 testing, colony formation testing, transwell testing, and flow cytometry analysis were carried out to quantify the cells' biological behavior. Rescue experiments demonstrated that the recovery of PDK1 expression was able to reverse the influence of miR-375 inhibition on NPC diffusion and intrusion. The interaction between miR-375 and PDK1 was verified by dual-luciferase reporter gene testing. RESULTS: The results revealed that miR-375 has a negative regulatory effect on PDK1 expression in NPC cells. Furthermore, PDK1 is a target gene for miR-375. The empirical results obtained demonstrated a negative correlation between tumor development and the level of miR-375 expression in NPC tissues. The excessive expression of miR-375 and the downregulation of PDK1 facilitated the diffusion and invasion of NPC cells. CONCLUSION: The diffusion and incursion of NPC cells may be inhibited by direct targeting of PDK1 and decreasing the expression of miR-375. Our study highlights efforts to target PDK1 and miR-375 as potential therapeutic strategies for use in the treatment of NPC.

Effect of electroacupuncture at "Zusanli" (ST 36) and "Yanglingquan" (GB 34) on perinatal nicotine-exposure-induced lung function and morphology of neonatal rats / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To compare the effects of electroacupuncture (EA) at "Zusanli" (ST 36) versus "Yanglingquan" (GB 34) in the pregnant rats on perinatal nicotineexposureinduced lung function and morphology of newborn rats and explore the rule of acupoint effect in EA for the prevention from lung dysplasia in newborn rats.@*METHODS@#A total of 24 female SD rats were randomized into a normal saline group (S group), a nicotine group (N group), a nicotineST 36 group (N + ST 36 group) and a nicotineGB 34 group (N+GB 34 group), 6 rats in each one. Starting at the 6th day of pregnancy, 0.9% sodium chloride solution was injected subcutaneously in the S group, 1 mg/kg; and in the rest 3 groups, nicotine of the same dose was injected through to the 21st postnatal day to establish the perinatal nicotineexposure model. Simultaneously, during model preparation, EA was applied at "Zusanli" (ST 36) and "Yanglingquan" (GB 34) in the N+ST 36 group and the N+GB 34 group respectively, once a day, through to the 21st postnatal day. The lung function analytic system for small animal was adopted to observe the changes in lung function indicators in newborn rats, such as peak inspiratory flow (PIF), peak expiratory flow (PEF), expiratory resistance (RE), inspiratory resistance (RI) and dynamic compliance (Cdyn). HE staining was used to observe the morphological changes of lung, such as alveolar fusion and rupture.@*RESULTS@#Compared with the S group, PEF and Cdyn were lower and PIF, RI and RE higher in the N group (all 0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Electroacupuncture at "Zusanli" (ST 36) in the pregnant rats significantly improves the perinatal nicotineexposureinduced lung function and morphology of newborn rats than electroacupuncture at "Yanglingquan" (GB 34).

Analysis of related factors for clinical characteristics and the outcome in centenarian hospitalized patients / 中华老年医学杂志

Objective To investigate the health status of centenarian hospitalized patients and analyze the risk factors for in-hospital death in Nanjing district.Methods All centenarians hospitalized patients who were discharged from wards of 10 upper first-class general hospitals in Nanjing district during the past five years were retrieved from their hospital information systems.Then,a retrospective study was performed on centenarians' data of general information,laboratory test results,Charlson comorbidity index (CCI),neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and shock index(SI),etc.were calculated and collected.Relevant risk factors for in-hospital death were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression analysis.Results A total of 156 patients aged 100 years and over,with an average age of (101.0±2.1)years,were enrolled during the past 5 years.The top 3 admitting diagnosis for the patients were pulmonary infection(30.1％,47/156 cases),coronary heart disease(10.9％,17/156 cases)and cerebrovascular disease(7.1％,11/156 cases).Fifty patients died during hospitalization,with a mortality of 32.1％ (50/156).Pneumonia was the most common admitting diagnosis(40.0％,20/50 case).Among causes of death,the combined admitting diagnosis with dementia,chronic renal insufficiency,one or more basic disease were significantly associated with death.There were statistically significant differences between bad vs.good vs.indifferent prognosis in heart rate,shock index,leukocyte count,neutrophil count,NLR,hemoglobin,albumin,albumin/globulin,fasting blood glucose,blood urea nitrogen,serum creatinine,C-reactive protein(CRP)and CCI levels.Multivariate logistic regression analysis suggested that NLR≥13.18,fasting blood glucose ≥7.56 mmol/L,blood urea nitrogen ≥20.74 mmol/L,CRP≥65 mg/L and CCI≥3 might be predictors for in-hospital death in the cohort(OR =48.91、3.43、1.22、6.55、1.55,all P＜0.05).Conclusions Pulmonary infection is the most common reason for admission and the cause of death in centenarian inpatients.Comorbidities increase the risk of death.To lower in-hospital mortality,CCI and other assessment indicators should be used to strengthen the comprehensive assessment and chronic disease management of hospitalized centenarians.Infectious diseases should be prevented beforehand.

Correction to: Gender difference in acquired seizure susceptibility in adult rats after early complex febrile seizures / 神经科学通报·英文版

In the original publication of the article, the representative EEG of female rat pups with FS in Figure 1 C and D was incorrectly intercepted from that of male rat pups. This correction does not affect the conclusions of the paper. Figure 1 has been corrected on the online PDF version and displayed below.

Retrospective Study on 53 Cases of Anaphylactic Shock Induced by Paclitaxel / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for safe drug use of paclitaxel in clinic. METHODS:The literatures about anaphylactic shock induced by paclitaxel were retrieved from China Hospital Knowledge Database during 2006-2016. After screening literatures which met inclusion criteria,the literatures were analyzed statistically in respects of the distribution of patient's gender and age,primary disease,distribution of occurrence time of anaphylactic shock,prophylactic drug use,route of administration and dosage,combined with chemotherapy drugs,prodromal clinical manifestations,first-aid measures and prognosis,etc. RESULTS:A total of 53 cases of anaphylactic shock induced by paclitaxel were included,among which there were 16 male and 37 female,aged 17-72 years;female patients over 40 year-old took up the highest proportion(30 cases,56.60%). The major primary diseases were lung cancer(15 cases,28.30%),breast cancer(12 cases,22.64%)and ovarian cancer(11 cases,20.75%). Anaphylactic shock mainly occurred within 5 min after intravenous dripping(34 cases,64.15%). 45 cases (84.90%)received antiallergic prophylactic program before using paclitaxel;53 patients were given intravenous dripping with single dose of 30-300 mg. Among 53 patients,25 patients were given paclitaxel alone,and other patients were given paclitaxel combined with chemotherapy drugs. The prodromal clinical symptoms of anaphylactic shock mainly involved cardiovascular system (123 case time,36.07%),skin and mucous membrane system(73 case time,21.41%)and respiratory system(67 case time, 19.64%). 2 patients(3.77%)died after rescue treatment. CONCLUSIONS:More attention must be paid to the occurrence of anaphylactic shock induced by paclitaxel.

Effect of Electroacupuncture at "Neiguan" (PC 6) on Skin Microcirculation Blood Perfusion Volume of Heart-related Acupoints and Heart-irrelevant Acupoints in Myocardial Ischemia Rats / 针刺研究

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of low-frequency or high-frequency electroacupuncture (EA) stimulation of "Neiguan" (PC 6) on changes of skin blood perfusion volume of heart-related and heart-irrelevant acupoints in rats with normal or ischemic myocardium. METHODS: Wistar rats were randomly divided into the control, sham-operation, model, low-frequency EA and high-frequency EA groups (n=8 in each group). The myocardial ischemic (MI) model was established by occlusion of the anterior descending branch of the left coronary artery. 2 Hz and 100 Hz EA was respectively applied to left PC 6 for 20 min, once daily, a total of three times. Electrocardiogram (ECG) was recorded after the last treatment. Serum cardiac troponin T (cTnT) contents were assayed by ELISA. The skin blood perfusion volumes of bilateral PC 6, "Zusanli" (ST 36) and "Yanglingquan" (GB 34) were observed by laser speckle contrast imaging. RESULTS: In comparison with the control and sham-operation groups, the differences of "J point" and contents of serum cTnT were significantly increased in the model group (P<0.01). After EA, the differences of "J point" and contents of serum cTnT were significantly decreased in both low-frequency and high-frequency EA groups (P<0.01, P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the skin blood perfusion volumes of bilateral PC 6 and ST 36 decreased obviously in rats of the model group (P<0.01). After EA, the skin blood perfusion volumes were markedly up-regulated in the areas of PC 6 and ST 36 (P<0.01). There were no significant changes in that of GB 34 among the 5 groups (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Skin blood perfusion volumes around PC 6 and ST 36 can specifically reflect the change of the myocardial state.

Identification of metabolites and pharmacokinetics of mogrol in rat plasma / 药学学报

Mogrol is the aglycone of seven kinds of mogrosides and siamenoside I. Mogrol has drawn more attention in recent years for its anti-leukemia and anti-diabetes activities. An ultra-high performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS) method was applied to identify the main metabolites of mogrol in rat plasma. A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed and validated for determination of the main components in rat plasma. After an oral administration of 100 mg·kg-1 mogrol in rats, 13 metabolites were detected along the main component of parent drug in the plasma. The major metabolites were oxidated and dehydrogenated products. In this study, mogrol was quantitative analyzed using lithium carbonate reagent with high sensitivity. The assay was linear in concentration range 5.00-1 000 ng·mL-1 with intra-and inter-day precision within 9.3% and accuracy in range of -4.5% to 2.9%. Mogrol was absorbed into the blood very fast after oral administration, and the time to reach maximum concentration (tmax) was 1.67 h. The half-life (t1/2) of mogrol in rats was 2.34 h, and the oral absolute bioavailability was 3.5%.

Simultaneous determination of donafenib and its N-oxide metabolite in human plasma by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry / 药学学报

Donafenib is the deuterium derivative of sorafenib, and is an anti-tumor drug in clinical trials. An accurate and sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of donafenib and its N-oxide metabolite in human plasma. The analytes and internal standards (sorafenib and sorafenib N-oxide) were extracted from plasma by protein precipitation with acetonitrile, and separated on a Gemini C18 (50 mm×2.0 mm, 5 μm) column using a gradient elution procedure. The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile and 5 mmol·L-1 ammonium acetate (0.2% formic acid) at a flow rate of 0.7 mL·min-1. The total run time was 5.0 min. Positive electrospray ionization was performed using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) with transitions of m/z 468.2→273.2 for donafenib and m/z 465.2→270.2 for its internal standard sorafenib, m/z 484.2→289.2 for donafenib N-oxide and m/z 481.2→286.2 for its internal standard sorafenib N-oxide. The standard curves were linear in the range of 5.00-5 000 ng·mL-1 for donafenib, and 1.00-1 000 ng·mL-1 for donafenib N-oxide. The method was validated and successfully applied to the pharmacokinetics study of donafenib tosylate tablets in volunteers.

Correlations of serum cystatin C level with severity of stroke and short-term outcome in patient with acute ischemic stroke / 国际脑血管病杂志

Objective To investigate the correlations of serum cystatin C level with severity of stroke and short-term outcome in patients with acute ischemic stroke.Methods Patients with first-ever acute ischemic stroke aged ≥50 years who did not receive thrombolysis and took a visit within 3 d after onset were selected prospectively.The serum cystatin C level was detected within 24 h after admission and various clinical data were collected.The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) was used to assess the neurological deficits on the day of admission.The NIHSS score ＜8 was defined as mild stroke and ≥8 was defined as moderate to severe stroke.The modified Rankin Scale (mRS) was used to evaluate the short-term outcome at discharge or 14 d after onset,0-2 was defined as good outcome and ＞2 was defined as poor outcome.Results A total of 188 patients were enrolled,including 93 (49.5％) females and 95 (50.5％) males,their mean age was 65.4 ±9.2 years old (range 50-87).There were 120 patients with mild stroke (63.8％),68 with moderate to severe stroke (36.2％);106 patients (56.4％) had good outcome and 82 (43.6％) had poor outcome.Univariate analysis showed that serum cystatin C level in the moderate to severe stroke group was significantly higher than that in the mild stroke group (1.36 ± 0.29 mg/L vs.1.21 ±0.23 mg/L;t =3.902,P ＜ 0.001),the serum cystatin C level in the poor outcome group was significantly higher than that in the good outcome group (1.38 ± 0.25 mg/L vs.1.22 ± 0.25 mg/L;t =4.101,P =0.001).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the serum cystatin C level was an independent risk factor for stroke severity (odds ratio 12.182,95％ confidence interval 11.163-13.202;P ＜ 0.001) and short-term poor outcome (odds ratio 9.025,95 ％ confidence interval 8.202-9.848;P ＜ 0.001).Conclusion The serum cystatin C level is significantly correlated with the severity of stroke and the short-term outcome in patients with acute ischemic stroke.

Design and Development of Drug Management System of Peacekeeping Medical Team / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To improve the drug comprehensive management level of peacekeeping medical team,achieve dynam-ic management of drug information and network. METHODS:The design and development of drug management system of peace-keeping medical team were introduced in terms of overall system architecture,technical routes,system function design,etc.,and the application effect was evaluated. RESULTS:The system was designed by referencing military hospital No.1 drug management system,adopting C/S two-tier architecture,which included system settings,drug dictionary management,inventory management and other 8 modules and numbers of sub-modules. It achieved drug getting out and entering warehouse,supplying maintenance man-agement,prescription dispensing,drug withdrawal and inquiries,expendable drug monitoring,rotation transfer export data,the whole English electronic medical instruments generation,data query statistics,timely query of drugs and disease diagnosis knowl-edge base and other functions. The application of system standardized drug management and significantly improved working efficien-cy of physicians and pharmacists. CONCLUSIONS:The application of the system promotes the transform of drug management from extensive management model to elaborating management model,and the data is safe and easy to operate.

Analysis Regarding Effect of Sympathetic Nerves on Body Regulation and Acupuncture Efficacy by Alpha1-adrenoreceptor Mediation / 现代生物医学进展

To clarify the effect of the sympathetic nerves on the body's physiopathological changes and acupuncture effect by the alphal-AR mediation in the past 30 years.The paper has referred to the database of CNKI and Pubmed,and systematically reviewed the publications in the past 30 years about the research of the alphal-AR mediation of the sympathetic nerves to the body's physiological andpathological changes and acupuncture effect.Alphal-AR not only mediated the sympathetic nerves on the inotropic change of the heart,and the contraction of the vascular smooth muscles,bladder sphincter,and uterine smooth muscles and other physiological effect,but also mediated cardiac arrhythmia,myocardial hypertrophy and other pathological process.In addition,Alphal-AR also mediated the acupuncture signal transmission,and acupuncture was able to adjust the sympathetic nervous tension.The body's physiopathological changes are closely related to alpha1-AR and subtype alteration.The in-depth study of alphal-AR helps to explain physiopathological mechanism of the body,as well as provide theoretical basis and the corresponding pharmacological models for better selective drugs.Studying Alpha1-AR on meridians contributes to the discovery of meridian essence and the substantial basis of acupuncture effects.

Studies on resistance of Schistosoma to praziquantel (ⅩⅥ)Biological characteris- tics of praziquantel-resistant isolates of Schistomoma japonicum in Oncomelania hupensis snails / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To investigate the difference of biological characteristics between the praziquantel-resistant and-sus-ceptible isolates of Schistosoma japonicum in intermediate host Oncomelania hupensis snails. Methods Mice were infected with cercariae of praziquantel-resistant and-susceptible isolates of S. japonicum,and the parasite eggs were collected 37 days post-in-fection to hatch miracidium. Then,the snails were infected with the miracidium of each parasite isolate. The snail infection,sur-vival rate of infected snails,prepatent period of cercariae,and the total number of cercariae shed from each infected snail were observed and compared between the praziquantel-resistant and-susceptible isolates of S. japonicum. Results If each snail was exposed to a single miracidium,there were significant differences between the praziquantel-resistant and-susceptible Jiangsu isolates in the snail infection(8.99％vs. 19.74％;χ2=3.948,P=0.047)and the number of cercaria released from a single snail (1460.2 vs. 1039.3;t=2.507,P=0.02),and there were significant differences between the praziquantel-susceptible and-re-sistant Hunan isolates in the snail infection(10.00％vs. 21.52％;χ2=3.980,P=0.046)and the number of cercaria released from a single snail(1319.4 vs. 1003.5;t=2.566,P=0.017). However,there were no significant differences between the pra-ziquantel-resistant and-susceptible isolates of S. japonicum in the prepatent period of cercariae and the survival rate of infected snails(P>0.05). Conclusion The praziquantel-resistant isolate of S. japonicum has a higher susceptibility to O. hupensis but less cercaria released from each infected snail than the susceptible isolate.

Studies on resistance of Schistosoma to praziquantel(ⅩⅦ) Biological characteris- tics of praziquantel-resistant isolates of Schistosoma japonicum in mice / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To investigate the biological characteristics of the praziquantel-resistant isolate of Schistosoma japoni-cum in mice,so as to explore the pathogenicity to definitive hosts and transmission intensity of the praziquantel-resistant isolate of S. japonicum. Methods Mice were infected with the cercariae released from two praziquantel-resistant isolates and two pra-ziquantel-susceptible isolates of S. japonicum. The mouse-Oncomelania hupensis snail-mouse cycle was established and main- tained in the laboratory. The prepatent period of parasite eggs,egg production,egg distribution in mice,parasite susceptibility to mice and egg size were investigated in each parasite isolate. Results The prepatent period of parasite eggs,egg counts in mouse feces,adult worms recovered from each mouse,egg counts in mouse tissues,egg counts in the mouse liver,and egg counts in intestine tissues were 36.1 d and 36.8 d ( t=0.907, P=0.372 ) , 14.6 / 100 mg and 21.2 / 100 mg (t=2.946, P=0.007),20.5 and 25.1 worms per mouse(t=2.128, P=0.042),31303 and 38594 per paired adult worm(t=2.185, P=0.04),14810 and 19715 per paired adult worm(t=2.934, P=0.007),and 16493 and 18879 per paired adult worm(t=1.044, P=0.309)in the mice infected with Jiangsu praziquantel-susceptible and-resistant isolates of S. japonicum, respectively,and there were no significant differences between Jiangsu praziquantel-susceptible and-resistant isolates of S. ja-ponicum in the length of paired adult worms(t=0.328, P=0.744),female adult worms(t=0.386, P=0.701)or male adult worms(t=0.332, P=0.741). The prepatent period of parasite eggs,egg counts in mouse feces,adult worms recovered from each mouse,egg counts in mouse tissues,egg counts in the mouse liver,and egg counts in intestine tissues were 35.5 d and 35.6 d(t=0.169, P=0.867),13.3/100 mg and 18.9/100 mg(t=3.622, P=0.001),17.6 and 25.1 worms per mouse(t=3.153, P=0.004),30932 and 53903 per paired adult worm(t=3.865, P=0.001),12307 and 26363 per paired adult worm (t=4.388, P<0.01),and 18625 and 27541 per paired adult worm(t=2.679, P=0.012)in the mice infected with Hunan praziquantel-susceptible and-resistant isolates of S. japonicum,respectively,and there were no significant differences between Hunan praziquantel - susceptible and - resistant isolates of S. japonicum in the length of paired adult worms (t=0.853, P=0.397),female adult worms(t=0.573, P=0.569)or male adult worms(t=0.742, P=0.461). Conclusions The praziquantel-resistant isolate of S. japonicum has a higher parasite egg production and more eggs deposited in the mouse liver than drug-susceptible isolate,suggesting that the praziquantel-resistant isolate of S. japonicum exhibits a greater pathogenicity to definitive hosts. In addition,more parasite eggs are detected in the feces of mice infected with the praziquantel-resistant isolate of S. japonicum relative to the drug-susceptible isolate,indicating that the praziquantel-resistant isolate of S. japonicum exhibits a greater transmissibility than the drug-susceptible isolate.

Determination of anaprazole in human plasma by LC-MS/MS in pharmacokinetic study / 药学学报

Anaprazole is a proton pump inhibitor clinically used for curing peptic ulcer. A rapid, sensitive and convenient LC-MS/MS method was first established for the determination of anaprazole in human plasma. d3, 13C-anaprazole was used as internal standard (IS). After extraction from human plasma by protein precipitation with acetonitrile, all components were separated on an Extend C18 column (100 mm×4.6 mm, 3.5 μm). The assay was linear over the concentration range of 5.00-3 000 ng·mL-1 (r2 > 0.995). The method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study of 40 mg anaprazole enteric-coated tablets in 14 Chinese healthy volunteers under fasting or high fat diet conditions. Cmax was (1 020±435) ng·mL-1 and AUC0-t was (2 370±754) h·ng·mL-1 under fasting condition. And Cmax was (538±395) ng·mL-1 and AUC0-t was (1 610±650) h·ng·mL-1 under high fat diet condition. The plasma results suggest that the exposure of anaprazole is reduced by the high fat diet.

A simple method for quantification of tapentadol in dog plasma by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and evaluation of the effects of conjugated metabolites on tapentadol / 药学学报

Tapentadol is a novel drug of opioid pain reliever, which is extensively metabolized primarily through conjugation. Tapentadol glucuronide and tapentadol sulfate are major drug-related metabolites in circulation. The objectives of this study were to develop a simple and rapid method to determine tapentadol and evaluate the effects of conjugated metabolites on tapentadol quantification using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry in dog plasma. The analyte and tramadol (IS) were extracted from plasma by protein precipitation with methanol, and chromatographied on a XDB C18 (50 mm×4.6 mm, 1.8 μm) column using a mobile phase of methanol and 5 mmol·L-1 ammonium acetate (0.01% ammonia). Mass spectrometric detection was performed using the m/z 222→121 transition for tapentadol and the m/z 264→58 transition for the internal standard tramadol, the m/z 398→m/z 121 transition for glucuronides conjugate and the m/z 302→m/z 222 transition for sulfate conjugate. Conjugated metabolites could undergo in-source conversion to generate an ion that interfered the quantification of tapentadol. Chromatographic separation was achieved to elimination interferences due to in-source conversion of the conjugated metabolites. The standard curves were demonstrated to be linear in the range of 0.100 to 20.0 ng·mL-1 for tapentadol. The intra-and inter-day precisions were within 5.1%, and accuracy ranged from -3.2% to 0. This method was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetics of tapentadol hydrochloride sustained release tablets in Beagle dogs.

Study of the Post Effect of Electroacupuncture on Blood Flow in the Skins of Related Meridian Points in Rats with Acute Ischemic Myocardial Injury / 上海针灸杂志

Objective To observe over-time changes in rat blood flow in the skins of related meridian points during physiological status, the pathological state of ischemic myocardial injury and low or high frequency electroacupuncture intervention and explore the post effect of different frequency electroacupuncture on related meridian points after treating ischemic myocardial injury. Method Fifty male Wister rats were randomized into five groups: blank control, sham operation, model, low frequency electroacupuncture (meridian point A) and high frequency electroacupuncture (meridian point B), 10 rats each. Blood flow in the skins of bilateral points Neiguan (PC6), Ximen (PC4) and Tianquan (PC2), and non-meridian and non-acupoint control points was measured by laser speckle contrast imaging in every group immediately and at 30 and 60 min after the end of three treatments. Statistical analysis was made. Result Blood flow in the skins of bilateral points Neiguan, Ximen and Tianquan was significantly lower in the blank control group than in the model group (P<0.01,P<0.05). Blood flow in the skin of every acupoint increased in varing degrees after low or high frequency electroacupuncture treatment. Blood flow in bilateral points Neiguan, Ximen and Tianquan regions in meridian point group A was closer to that in the blank control group immediately after treatment. Blood flow in three left-side and three right-side acupoint regions in meridian point group B was closer to that in the blank control group at 30 and 60 min, respectively, after treatment. Conclusion The immediate effect of low frequency electroacupuncture on blood flow in acupoint regions is better than high frequency electroacupuncture during intervention in ischemic myocardial injury. The post effect of high frequency electroacupuncture on blood flow in acupoint regions is better than low frequency electroacupuncture during intervention in ischemic myocardial injury.

Relationship between the serum bilirubin level and the severity of disease and short -term outcome in patients w ith ischemic stroke / 国际脑血管病杂志

Objective To investigate the relationship betw een the serum bilirubin level and the severity of disease and short-term outcome in patient w ith acute ischemic stroke. Methods A total of 120 consecutive inpatients w ith acute ischemic stroke w ere enroled and 105 healthy subjects at the same time w ere used as a control group. The biochemical indicators, such as serum total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, indirect bilirubin, blood lipid, and blood glucose w ere measured w ithin 24 h after admission. The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale ( NIHSS ) w as used to assess the neurological deficits on the day of admission. The NIHSS score 2 w as defined as poor outcome. The levels of serum total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, and indirect bilirubin w ere measured again. Results The levels of serum total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, and indirect bilirubin in the moderate to severe stroke group w ere significantly higher than those in the mild stroke group ( P 0.05). Conclusions The serum bilirubin level show ed stress increase in patients w ith cerebral infarction in acute phase; and it w as significantly associated w ith the degree of neurological deficit, but it w as not associated w ith short-term outcome. It might be a defense response to the body for stroke events.